InfopediaPk - All Facts in One Site!
  • Home
  • Islamic
    • Islamic Articles >
      • Holy Quran
      • Tafhim-ul-Quran >
        • About Tafhim-ul-Quran
        • Sura No 01 to 15 >
          • 01;Sura Al-Fatiha
          • 02;Sura Al-Baqarah
          • 03;Sura Al-i-Imran
          • 04;Sura An-Nisa
          • 05;Sura Al-Maida
          • 06;Sura Al-An'am
          • 07;Sura Al-A'raf
          • 08;Sura Al-Anfal
          • 09;Sura At-Tawbah "Or" Sura Al-Baraat
          • 10;Sura Yunus
          • 11;Sura Hud
          • 12;Sura Yusuf
          • 13;Sura Ar-Ra'd
          • 14;Sura Ibrahim
          • 15;Sura Al-Hijr
        • Sura No 16 to 30 >
          • 16;Sura An-Nahl
          • 17;Sura Al-Isra "Or" Sura Bani Israil
          • 18;Sura Al-Kahf
          • 19;Sura Maryam
          • 20;Sura Ta Ha
          • 21;Sura Al-Anbiya
          • 22;Sura Al-Hajj
          • 23;Sura Al-Mu’minoon
          • 24;Sura An-Nur
          • 25;Sura Al-Furqan
          • 26;Sura Ash-Shuara
          • 27;Sura Al-Naml
          • 28;Sura Al-Qasas
          • 29;Sura Al-Ankabut
          • 30;Sura Ar-Rum
        • Sura No 31 to 45 >
          • 31;Sura Luqman
          • 32;Sura As-Sajda
          • 33;Sura Al-Ahzab
          • 34;Sura Saba
          • 35;Sura Al-Malaika "Or" Sura Fatir
          • 36;Sura Ya Sin
          • 37;Sura As-Saaffat
          • 38;Sura Sad
          • 39;Sura Az-Zumar
          • 40;Sura Al-Mu'min "Or" Sura Al-Ghafir
          • 41;Sura Ha Mim As Sajdah "Or" Surah Fussilat
          • 42;Sura Ash-Shura
          • 43;Sura Az-Zukhruf
          • 44;Sura Ad-Dukhan
          • 45;Sura Al-Jathiya
        • Sura No 46 to 60 >
          • 46;Sura Al-Ahqaf
          • 47;Sura Mohammad
          • 48;Sura Al-Fath
          • 49;Sura Al-Hujurat
          • 50;Sura Qaf
          • 51;Sura Adh-Dhariyat
          • 52;Sura At-Tur
          • 53;Sura An-Najm
          • 54;Sura Al-Qamar
          • 55;Sura Ar-Rahman
          • 56;Sura Al-Waqia
          • 57;Sura Al-Hadid
          • 58;Sura Al-Mujadilah
          • 59;Sura Al-Hashr
          • 60;Sura Al-Mumtahina
        • Sura No 61 to 75 >
          • 61;Sura As-Saff
          • 62;Sura Al-Jumuah
          • 63;Sura Al-Munafiqun
          • 64;Sura At-Taghabun
          • 65;Sura At-Talaq
          • 66;;Sura At-Tahrim
          • 67;Sura Al-Mulk
          • 68;Sura Al-Qalam\Nun
          • 69;Sura Al-Haqqa
          • 70;Sura Al-Maarij
          • 71;Sura Nuh
          • 72;Sura Al-Jinn
          • 73;Sura Al-Muzzammil
          • 74;Sura Al-Muddathir
          • 75;Sura Al-Qiyama
        • Sura No 76 to 90 >
          • 76;Sura Al-Insan\Ad-Dahr
          • 77;Sura Al-Mursalat
          • 78;Sura An-Naba
          • 79;Sura Al-Naziat
          • 80;Sura Abasa
          • 81;Sura At-Takwir
          • 82;Sura Al-Infitar
          • 83;Sura Al-Mutaffifin
          • 84;Sura Al-Inshiqaq
          • 85;Sura Al-Burooj
          • 86;Sura At-Tariq
          • 87;Sura Al-Ala
          • 88;Sura Al-Ghashiya
          • 89;Sura Al-Fajr
          • 90;Sura Al-Balad
        • Sura No 91 to 100 >
          • 91;Sura Ash-Shams
          • 92;Sura Al-Lail
          • 93;Sura Ad-Dhuha
          • 94;Sura Al-Inshirah
          • 95;Sura At-Tin
          • 96;Sura Al-Alaq
          • 97;Sura Al-Qadr
          • 98;Sura Al-Bayyina
          • 99;Sura Az-Zalzala
          • 100;Sura Al-Adiyat
        • Sura No 101 to 114 >
          • 101;Sura Al-Qaria
          • 102;Sura At-Takathur
          • 103;Sura Al-Asr
          • 104;Sura Al-Humaza
          • 105;Sura Al-Fil
          • 106;Sura Quraysh
          • 107;Sura Al-Ma'un
          • 108;Sura Al-Kawthar
          • 109;Sura Al-Kafirun
          • 110;Sura An-Nasr
          • 111;Sura Al-Masadd
          • 112;Sura Al-Ikhlas
          • 113-114;Sura Al-Falaq & Sura Al-Nas
      • Hadith >
        • Forty Sacred Hadith Qudsi
      • Biography >
        • Brief Biography of Hazrat Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him)
        • Parents Of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
        • Umm-al-Momineen
        • Daughters Of Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H)
        • Sons Of Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him)
        • Companions of Prophet Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him) >
          • Rightly Guided Caliphs >
            • Brief Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq
            • Life of Umar ibn Al-Khattab
            • Life Of Uthman ibn Affan
            • Life of Ali ibn Abi Talib
          • Life of Al-Hussein Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib
      • Articles of Faith
      • Pillars of Islam >
        • Sawm\\Fasting In Islam
        • Zakat\\Alms-giving In Islam
        • Hajj\\Pilgrimage In Islam
      • Holiest sites in Islam >
        • Holy Kaaba
        • Al-Masjid Al-Haram
        • Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi
        • Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa
        • Dome Of The Rock
        • Quba Mosque
        • Masjid E-Zil-Qiblatain
        • Umayyad Mosque
        • Great Mosque of Aleppo
        • Imam Ali Mosque
        • Masjid Al-Kufa
        • Khalid Ibn Al-Walid Mosque
        • Imam Husayn Shrine
        • Al-Abbas Mosque
        • Al-Askari Mosque
        • Al-Kadhimiya Mosque
        • Imam Reza Shrine
        • Abu Hanifah Mosque
        • Zamzam Well
      • Festivals and Events >
        • Eid Milad an-Nabi (Peace Be Upon Him)
        • Isra and Miraj
        • Shab-e-Barat
        • Laylat Al-Qadr
        • Eid ul-Fitr
        • Eid ul-Adha
      • Islamic Calendar >
        • About Islamic Calendar
        • 1.Muharram
        • 2.Safar
        • 3.Rabi al-Awwal
        • 4.Rabi al-Thani
        • 5.Jumada al-Awwal
        • 6.Jumada al-Thani
        • 7.Rajab
        • 8.Shaaban
        • 9.Ramadan
        • 10.Shawwal
        • 11.Dhu al-Qidah
        • 12.Dhu al-Hijjah
      • Divine Books In Islam
      • Wonders of Muslim >
        • Wonders Of Muslim (Mosque, Picture hyperlink)
        • 15 World Largest Mosques By Area
        • 15 World Largest Mosques By Capacity
        • Largest Mosque By Country In Terms of Area
        • Largest Mosque By City In Terms of Area
        • In Asia >
          • Middle East >
            • In Saudi Arabia >
              • Al-Masjid Al-Haram
              • Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi
              • Quba Mosque
              • Masjid E-Zil-Qiblatain
            • In Iraq >
              • Imam Ali Mosque
              • Imam Husayn Shrine
              • Al-Abbas Mosque
              • Al-Askari Mosque
              • Abu Hanifah Mosque
              • Al-Kadhimiya Mosque
              • Masjid Al-Kufa
              • Great Mosque of Samarra
            • In Syria >
              • Umayyad Mosque
              • Great Mosque of Aleppo
              • Khalid Ibn Al-Walid Mosque
            • Imam Reza Shrine
            • Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa
            • Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque
            • Al-Fateh Mosque
            • Saleh Mosque
            • Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque
            • Grand Mosque of Kuwait
            • Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque
          • South Asia >
            • Faisal Mosque
            • Badshahi Mosque
            • Wazir Khan Mosque
            • Grand Jamia Mosque
            • Baitul Mukarram
            • Wazir Khan Mosque
            • Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
            • Bhong Mosque
            • Mohabbat Khan Mosque
            • Masjid-i Jahan-Numa
            • Jamia Masjid, Srinagar
          • Southeast Asia >
            • Crystal Mosque
            • Istiqlal Mosque
            • Jame Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque
            • National Mosque of Malaysia
            • Putra Mosque
            • Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque
            • Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque
          • East Asia >
            • Id Kah Mosque
            • Great Mosque of Guangzhou
            • Taipei Grand Mosque
            • Kowloon Mosque and Islamic Centre
          • Central Asia >
            • Nur-Astana Mosque
            • Bibi-Khanym Mosque
        • In Africa >
          • Abu Al-Abbas Al-Mursi Mosque
          • Al-Azhar Mosque
          • Al-Zaytuna Mosque
          • Great Mosque of Djenne
          • Hassan II Mosque
          • Koutoubia Mosque
          • Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Tulun
          • Mosque of Amr Ibn Al-As
          • Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha
          • Mosque of Uqba
          • Uganda National Mosque
        • In America & Europe >
          • King Fahd Islamic Cultural Center
          • Sabancı Merkez Camii
          • Glasgow Central Mosque
          • Blue Mosque
          • Mosque of Rome
          • Qolsharif Mosque
          • Kocatepe Mosque
      • Wonder Of Muslims (Fort,Palace)
    • Islamic Pictorial >
      • Verse from the Holy Quran
      • Saying of The Prophet Mohammad
      • Wise Words
      • The Six Kalimas
      • Masnoon Dua
      • Sisala Azkar Masonna
      • Life of Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him)
      • Notes
    • Islamic Videos >
      • Verse from the Holy Quran
      • Saying of The Prophet Mohammad
      • Hamds and Naats
    • Islamic Sounds
    • Islamic Wallpapers >
      • Bismillah
      • Kalma Tayyaba
      • Allah
      • Mohammad Peace Be Upon Him
      • Eid ul-Fitr
      • Lailat al-Baraa
      • Hajj
      • Ramadan
  • World
    • Articles >
      • Geography >
        • Continents of the World >
          • About Continents
          • Asia
          • Africa
          • North America
          • South America
          • Antarctica
          • Europe
          • Oceania
        • New Seven Wonders of Nature
        • Earth's Oceans
        • Biggest Bodies Of Water....After Ocean
        • Longest Mountain Ranges Of The World
        • 10 Highest Mountains
        • Seven Summits
        • Volcanic Seven Summits
        • Eight Lowest Points On Earth
        • Lowest Point By Continent (Below Sea Level)
        • Longest River By Continent
        • Largest Lakes by Continent
        • Biggest Desert In The World
      • International Organizations and Groups >
        • International Organizations >
          • United Nations (UNO)
          • Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
          • Interpol
        • Regional Organizations >
          • Arab League
          • OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
          • South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
          • Commonwealth of Nations
          • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
          • Economic Cooperation Organization (E.C.O)
          • Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
      • Extreme Engineering >
        • Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
        • New Seven Wonders of the World
        • Biggest,Largest Structures In World----Man Made
        • Tallest Structures In The World ---- Man Made
      • House of Records >
        • Biggest Bodies Of Water....After Ocean
        • Longest Mountain Ranges Of The World
        • 10 Highest Mountains
        • Seven Summits
        • Volcanic Seven Summits
        • Eight Lowest Points On Earth
        • Lowest Point By Continent (Below Sea Level)
        • Longest River By Continent
        • Largest Lakes by Continent
        • Biggest Desert In The World
        • Top 10 Largest Countries By Area
        • Top 10 Smallest Countries By Area
        • Top 10 Most Populated Countries
        • Top 10 Most Less Populated Countries
        • Biggest,Largest Structures In World----Man Made
        • Tallest Structures In The World-------Man Made
      • Festivals and Events >
        • Valentine's Day
        • International Mother Language Day
        • International Women's Day
        • Earth Hour
        • April Fools' Day
        • International Workers' Day
        • Mother's Day
        • World No Tobacco Day
        • Father's Day
        • International Friendship Day
        • Cricket World Cup
        • Summer Olympic Games
      • National Symbols >
        • National Trees
        • National Fruits
        • National Sport
        • National Birds
      • World languages >
        • Arabic
        • Balochi
        • Pashto
        • Punjabi
        • Sindhi
        • Urdu
      • Games And Sports >
        • Archery
        • Badminton
        • Cricket
        • Weightlifting
      • Scouting >
        • Boy Scouts
        • Girl Guides
      • Days and Months >
        • Days of the Week
        • April In History?
        • May In History
        • Calendar >
          • Islamic Calendar >
            • About Islamic Calendar
            • 1.Muharram
            • 2.Safar
            • 3.Rabi al-Awwal
            • 4.Rabi al-Thani
            • 5.Jumada al-Awwal
            • 6.Jumada al-Thani
            • 7.Rajab
            • 8.Shaaban
            • 9.Ramadan
            • 10.Shawwal
            • 11.Dhu al-Qidah
            • 12.Dhu al-Hijjah
          • Gregorian Calendar >
            • About Gregorian Calendar
            • 1.January
            • 2.February
            • 3.March
            • 4.April
            • 5.May
            • 6.June
            • 7.July
            • 8.August
            • 9.September
            • 10.October
            • 11.November
            • 12.December
      • The Solar System (Planets & Dwarf Planets)
      • Introduction and History Of Money
    • Pictorial Series >
      • Did You Know?
      • Wise Words
      • Landscape & Landmark
    • Videos >
      • Did You Know?
      • Universe
      • Human Body
  • Pakistan
    • Articles >
      • Geographical >
        • 5 Highest Peaks In Pakistan
        • Rivers In Pakistan
        • Deserts Of Pakistan
        • Lakes In Pakistan
      • Cities In Pakistan >
        • Islamabad
        • Karachi
        • Lahore
        • Quetta
        • Peshawar
        • Faisalabad
        • Multan
        • Murree
      • Places of Interest >
        • Mosque >
          • Faisal Mosque
          • Badshahi Mosque
          • Grand Jamia Mosque
          • Wazir Khan Mosque
          • Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
          • Bhong Mosque
          • Mohabbat Khan Mosque
        • Mausoleum >
          • Tomb of Jahangir
          • Tomb of Nur Jahan
          • Mazar-e-Quaid
          • Tomb of Allama Mohammad Iqbal
        • Walled City of Lahore
        • Pakistan Monument
        • Minar-e-Pakistan
        • Lahore Fort
        • Iqbal Manzil
        • Shalimar Gardens
        • Hiran Minar
      • Languages of Pakistan >
        • Urdu
        • Punjabi
        • Sindhi
        • Pashto
        • Balochi
      • Mode of Transport >
        • Motorways of Pakistan
        • Karakoram Highway
        • Grand Trunk Road "Or" GT Road
      • National Events >
        • Lahore Resolution
        • Pakistan Day
        • Youm-e-Takbir
        • Pakistan's Independence Day
        • Defence Day
      • Scouting In Pakistan >
        • Scout
        • Girl Guide
      • Nishan-e-Haider
      • National Symbols of Pakistan
      • Pakistani Currency
      • Guinness Book of World Records In Sport By Pakistan
    • Pakistani Videos
  • Links
  • Feedback
  • Site Map
  • InfopediaPk blog
Picture

Sura An-Nisa

Introduction

Sura An-Nisa (Arabic: سورة النساء,"Women") is the fourth chapter of the Qur'an in 4th,5th and 6th parts (Juz) of the Quran (From Ayats 1 to 23 in 4th part,Ayats 24 to 147 in 5th part and Ayats 148 to 176 in 6th part), with 176 Verses. It is a Madinan sura.

تعارف

سورۂالنساء (نساء کے معنی عورت) قرآن مجید کی چوتھی سورت، جو  آیات 1 تا 23 قرآن کے 4ویں, 24 تا 147  قرآن کے5ویں جبکہ 148 تا 176 قرآن کے6ویں پارے پر محیط ہے- یہ ایک مکی سورت ہے۔اس میں 176 آیات اور 24رکوع ہیں

Period of Revelation

This Surah comprises several discourses which were revealed on different occasions during the  period ranging probably between the end of 3rd Hijri and the end of 4th Hijri or the beginning of  5th  Hijri. Although it is difficult to determine the exact dates of their revelations, yet it is possible to assign  to them a fairly correct period with the help of the Commandments and the events mentioned therein  and the Traditions concerning them. A few instances are given below by way of illustration:
We know that the instructions about the division of inheritance of the martyrs and for the safeguard of  the rights of the orphans were sent down after the Battle of Uhd in which 70 Muslims were killed. Then  naturally the question of the division of the inheritance of the martyrs and the safeguard of the rights of  their orphans arose in many families at Al-Madinah. From this we conclude that Verse No. 1 -28 were  revealed on that occasion.
We learn from the Traditions that the Commandment about salat during war time was given on the  occasion of Zat-ur-Riqa'a, an expedition which took place in 4th Hijri. From this we conclude that the  discourse containing Verse No. 102 was revealed on that occasion.
The last warning (Verse No. 47) to the Jews was given before the Banu Nadir were exiled from Al- Madinah in Rabi'-ulAwwal,4th Hijri. From this it may safely be concluded that the discourse containing  Verse No. 47 must have been revealed some time before that date.
The permission about tayammum (The performance of ablutions with pure dust, in case no water be  available) was given during the Bani-al-Mustaliq expedition, which took place in 5th Hijri.Therefore the  probable period of the revelation of the discourse containing Verse No.43 was 5th Hijri.

زمانہ نزول

یہ سُورہ متعدّد خطبوں پر مشتمل ہے جو غالباً سن ۳ ہجری کے اواخر سے لے کر سن ۴ ہجری کے اواخر یا سن ۵ ہجری کے اوائل تک مختلف اوقات میں نازل ہوئے ہیں۔ اگرچہ یہ تعیّن کرنا مشکل ہے کہ کس مقام سے کس مقام تک کی آیات ایک سلسلہ ٴ تقریر میں نازل ہوئی تھیں اور ان کا ٹھیک زمانہٴ نزول کیا ہے ، لیکن بعض احکام اور واقعات کی طرف بعض اشارے ایسے ہیں جن کے نزول کی تاریخیں ہمیں روایات سے معلوم ہوجاتی ہیں اس لیے ان کی مدد سے ہم ان مختلف تقریروں کی ایک سرسری سی حد بندی کر سکتےہیں جن میں یہ احکام اور یہ اشارے واقع ہوئے ہیں۔
مثلاً ہمیں معلوم ہے کہ وراثت کی تقسیم اور یتیموں کے حقوق کے متعلق ہدایات جنگِ اُحد کے بعد نازل ہوئی تھیں جب کہ مسلمانوں کے ستّر آدمی شہید ہو گئے تھے اور مدینہ کی چھوٹی سی بستی میں اس حادثے کی وجہ سے بہت سے گھر وں میں یہ سوال پیدا ہو گیا تھا کہ شہداء کی میراث کس طرح تقسیم کی جائے اور جو یتیم بچّے اُنہوں نے چھوڑے ہیں ، اُن کے مفاد کا تحفظ کیسے ہو۔ اس بنا پر ہم قیاس کر سکتے ہیں کہ ابتدائی چار رکوع اور پانچویں رکوع کی پہلی تین آیتیں اسی زمانہ میں نازل ہوئی ہوں گی۔
روایات میں صلوٰةِ خوف ( عین حالتِ جنگ میں نماز پڑھنے) کا ذکر ہمیں غزوہٴ ذات الرِقاع میں ملتا ہے جو سن ۴ ہجری میں ہوا۔ اس لیے قیاس کیا جا سکتا ہے کہ اسی کے لگ بھگ زمانہ میں وہ خطبہ نازل ہوا ہو گا جس میں اس نماز کی ترکیب بیان کی گئی ہے (رکوع ١۵)۔
مدینہ سے بنی نَضِیر کا اخراج ربیع الاول سن ۴ ہجری میں ہوا اس لیے غالب گمان یہ ہے کہ وہ خطبہ اس سے پہلے قریبی زمانہ ہی میں نازل ہوا ہوگا جس میں یہودیوں کو آخری تنبیہ کی گئی ہے کہ ” ایمان لے آ ؤ قبل اس کے کہ ہم چہرے بگاڑ کر پیچھے پھیر دیں“۔
پانی نہ ملنے کی وجہ سے تیمم کی اجازت غزوہٴ بنی المُصْطَلِق کے موقع پر دی گئی تھی جو سن ۵ ہجری میں ہوا اس لیے وہ خطبہ جس میں تیمم کا ذکر ہے اسی سے متصل عہد کا سمجھنا چاہیے (رکوع ۷)۔

Topics and Their Background

Let us now consider the social and historical considerations of the period in order to understand the  Surah. All the discourses in this Surah deal with three main problems which confronted the Holy  Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) at the time. First of all, he was engaged in bringing about an all round  development of the Islamic Community that had been formed at the time of his migration to Al- Madinah. For this purpose he was introducing new moral, cultural, social, economic and political ways  in place of the old ones of the pre-Islamic period. The second thing that occupied his attention and  efforts was the bitter struggle that was going on with the mushrik Arabs, the Jewish clans and the  hypocrites who were opposing tooth and nail his mission of reform. Above all he had to propagate  Islam in the face of the bitter opposition of these powers of evil with a view to capturing more and more  minds and hearts.
Accordingly, detailed instructions have been given for the consolidation and strengthening of the  Islamic Community in continuation of those given in Al-Baqarah. Principles for the smooth running of  family life have been laid down and ways of settling family disputes have been taught. Rules have been  prescribed for marriage and rights of wife and husband have been apportioned fairly and equitably. The  status of women in the society has been determined and the declaration of the rights of orphans has  been made laws and regulations have been laid down for the division of inheritance, and instructions  have been given to reform economic affairs. The foundation of the penal code has been laid down  drinking has been prohibited, and instructions have been given for cleanliness and purity. The Muslims  have been taught the kind of relations good men should have with their ALLAH and fellow men.  Instructions have been given for the maintenance of discipline in the Muslim Community.
The moral and religious condition of the people of the Book has been reviewed to teach lessons to the  Muslims and to forewarn them to refrain from following in their footsteps. The conduct of the hypocrites  has been criticized and the distinctive features of hypocrisy and true faith have been clearly marked off  to enable the Muslims to distinguish between the two.
In order to cope with the aftermath of the Battle of Uhd, Inspiring discourses were sent down to urge  the Muslims to face the enemy bravely, for the defeat in the Battle had so emboldened the mushrik  Arab clans and the neighboring Jews and the hypocrites at home that they were threatening the  Muslims on all sides. At this critical juncture, ALLAH filled the Muslims with courage and gave them  such instructions as were needed during that period of war clouds. In order to counteract the fearful  rumors that were being spread by the hypocrites and the Muslims of weak faith, they were asked to  make a thorough inquiry into them and to inform the responsible people about them. Then they were  experiencing some difficulties in offering their salat during the expeditions to some places where no  water was available for performing their ablutions, etc. In such cases they were allowed to cleanse  themselves with pure earth and to shorten the salat or to offer the "Salat of Fear", when they were  faced with danger. Instructions were also given for the solution of the puzzling problem of those  Muslims who were scattered among the unbelieving Arab clans and were often involved in war. They  were asked to migrate to Al-Madinah, the abode of Islam.
This Surah also deals with the case of Bani Nadir who were showing a hostile and menacing attitude,  in spite of the peace treaties they had made with the Muslims. They were openly siding with the  enemies of Islam and hatching plots against the Holy Prophet and the Muslim Community even at Al- Madinah itself. They were taken to task for their inimical behavior and given a final warning to change  their attitude, and were at last exiled from Al-Madinah on account of their misconduct.
The problem of the hypocrites, who had become very troublesome at that time, was involving the  Believers in difficulties.Therefore they were divided into different categories to enable the Muslims to  deal with them appropriately.
Clear instructions were also given regarding the attitude they should adopt towards the non-belligerent  clans. The most important thing needed at that time was to prepare the Muslims for the bitter struggle  with the opponents of Islam. For this purpose greatest importance was attached to their character  building, for it was obvious that the small Muslim Community could only come out successful, nay,  survive, if the Muslims possessed high moral character. They were, therefore, enjoined to adopt the  highest moral qualities and were severely criticized whenever any moral weakness was detected in  them.Though this Surah mainly deals with the moral and social reforms, yet due attention has been paid to  propagation of Islam. On the one hand, the superiority of the Islamic morality and culture has been  established over that of the Jews, Christians and mushriks; on the other hand, their wrong religious  conceptions, their wrong morality and their evil acts have been criticized to prepare the ground for  inviting them to the way of the Truth.

شان نزول اور مباحث

اِس طرح بحیثیت ِ مجموعی سُورہ کا زمانہٴ نزول معلوم ہو جانے کے بعد ہمیں اس زمانہ کی تاریخ پر ایک نظر ڈال لینی چاہیے تاکہ سُورہ کے مضامین سمجھنے میں اس سے مدد لی جا سکے۔ 
نبی صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کے سامنے اُس وقت جو کام تھا اُسے تین بڑے بڑے شعبوں پر تقسیم کیا جا سکتا ہے
 ایک اُس نئی منظم اسلامی سوسائیٹی کا نشو نما جس کی بنا ہجرت کے ساتھ ہی مدینہ طیبہ اور اس کے اطراف و جوانب میں پڑ چکی تھی اور جس میں جاہلیت کے پُرانے طریقوں کو مٹا کر اخلاق ، تمدّن، معاشرت ، معیشت اور تدبیر مملکت کے نئے اُصُول رائج کیے جارہے تھے۔ 
دُوسرے اُس کشمکش کا مقابلہ جو مشرکینِ عرب، یہودی قبائل اور منافقین کی مخالف ِ اصلاح طاقتوں کے ساتھ پوری شدّت سے جاری تھی۔ 
تیسرے اسلام کی دعوت کو اِن مزاحم طاقتوں کے علی الرغم پھیلانا اور مزید دلوں اور دماغوں کو مسخّر کرنا۔ اللہ تعالیٰ کی جانب سے اس موقع پر جتنے خطبے نازل کیے گئے وہ سب انہی تین شعبوں سے متعلق تھے۔
اسلامی سوسائیٹی کی تنظیم کے لیے سُورہٴ بقرہ میں جو ہدایات دی گئی تھیں ، اب یہ سوسائیٹی ان سے زائد ہدایات کی طالب تھی ، اس لیے سُورہٴ نساء کے اِن خطبوں میں زیادہ تفصیل کے ساتھ بتایا گیا کہ مسلمان اپنی اجتماعی زندگی کو اسلام کے طریق پر کس طرح درست کریں۔ خاندان کی تنظیم کے اُصُول بتائے گئے۔ نکاح پر پابندیاں عائد کی گئیں۔ معاشرت میں عورت اور مرد کے تعلقات کی حد بندی کی گئی۔ یتیموں کے حقوق معیّن کیے گئے۔ وراثت کی تقسیم کا ضابطہ مقرر کیا گیا۔ معاشی معاملات کی درستی کے متعلق ہدایات دی گئیں۔ خانگی جھگڑوں کی اصلاح کا طریقہ سکھایا گیا۔ تعزیری قانون کی بنا ڈالی گئی۔ شراب نوشی پر پابندی عائد کی گئی۔ طہارت و پاکیزگی کے احکام دیے گئے۔ مسلمانوں کو بتایا گیا کہ ایک صالح انسان کا طرزِ عمل خدا اور بندوں کے ساتھ کیسا ہونا چاہیے۔ مسلمانوں کے اندر جماعتی نظم و ضبط (ڈسپلن) قائم کرنے کے متعلق ہدایات دی گئیں۔ اہلِ کتاب کے اخلاقی و مذہبی رویّہ پر تبصرہ کر کے مسلمانوں کو متنبہ کیا گیا کہ اپنی اِن پیش رَو اُمتوں کے نقشِ قدم پر چلنے سے پرہیز کریں۔ منافقین کے طرزِ عمل پر تنقید کر کے سچی ایمانداری کے مقتضیا ت واضح کیے گئے۔ اور ایمان و نفاق کے امتیازی اوصاف کو بالکل نمایاں کر کے رکھ دیا گیا۔
مخالفِ اصلاح طاقتوں سے جو کشمکش برپا تھی اُس نے جنگِ اُحد کے بعد زیادہ نازک صُورت اختیار کر لی تھی۔ اُحد کی شکست نے اطراف و نواح کے مشرک قبائل ، یہُودی ہمسایوں، اور گھر کے منافقوں کی ہمتیں بہت بڑھا دی تھیں اور مسلمان ہر طرف سے خطرات میں گھِر گئے تھے۔ ان حالات میں اللہ تعالیٰ نے ایک طرف پُر جوش خطبوں کے ذریعہ سے مسلمانوں کو مقابلہ کے لیے اُبھارا، اور دُوسری طرف جنگی حالات میں کام کرنے کے لیے انہیں مختلف ضروری ہدایات دیں۔ مدینہ میں منافق اور ضعیف الایمان لوگ ہر قسم کی خوفناک خبریں اُڑا کر بدحواسی پھیلانے کی کوشش کر رہے تھے۔ حکم دیا گیا کہ ہر ایسی خبر ذمہ دار لوگوں تک پہنچائی جائے اور جب تک وہ کسی خبر کی تحقیق نہ کر لیں اس کی اشاعت کو روکا جائے۔ مسلمانوں کو بار بار غزّوات اور سَرِیّوں میں جانا پڑتا تھا اور اکثر ایسے راستوں سے گزرنا ہوتا تھا جہاں پانی فراہم نہ ہو سکتا تھا۔ اجازت دی گئی کہ پانی نہ ملے تو غسل اور وضو دونوں کے بجائے تیمم کر لیا جائے۔ نیز ایسے حالات میں نماز مختصر کرنے کی بھی اجازت دےدی گئی اور جہاں خطرہ سر پر ہو وہاں صلوٰ ةِ خوف ادا کرنے کا طریقہ بتایا گیا۔ عرب کے مختلف علاقوں میں جو مسلمان کافر قبیلوں کے درمیان منتشر تھے اور بسا اوقات جنگ کی لپیٹ میں بھی آجاتے تھے اُن کا معاملہ مسلمانوں کے لیے سخت پریشان کُن تھا ۔ اِ س مسئلہ میں ایک طرف اسلامی جماعت کو تفصیلی ہدایات دی گئیں اور دُوسری طرف اُن مسلمانوں کو بھی ہجرت پر اُبھارا گیا تاکہ وہ ہر طرف سے سمٹ کر دارالاسلام میں آجائیں۔
یہُودیوں میں سے بنی نضیر کا رویہ خصُوصیّت کے ساتھ نہایت معاندانہ ہو گیا تھا اور معاہدات کی صریح خلاف ورزی کر کے کھُلم کھُلا دشمنانِ اسلام کا ساتھ دے رہے تھے اور خود مدینہ میں محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اور آپ ؐ کی جماعت کے خلاف سازشوں کے جال بچھا رہے تھے ۔ ان کی اس روش پر سخت گرفت کی گئی اور انہیں صاف الفاظ میں آخری تنبیہ کر دی گئی۔ اس کے بعد ہی مدینہ سے اُن کا اخراج عمل میں آیا۔
منافقین کے مختلف گروہ مختلف طرزِ عمل رکھتے تھے اور مسلمانوں کے لیے یہ فیصلہ کرنا مشکل تھا کہ کس قسم کے منافقوں سے کیا معاملہ کریں۔ ان سب کو الگ الگ طبقوں میں تقسیم کر کے ہر طبقہ کے منافقوں کے متعلق بتا دیا گیا کہ ان کے ساتھ یہ برتا ؤ ہونا چاہیے۔
غیر جانبدار معاہد قبائل کے ساتھ جو رویہ مسلمانوں کا ہونا چاہیے تھا اس کو بھی واضح کیا گیا۔
سب سے زیادہ اہم چیزیہ تھی کہ مسلمان کا اپنا کیریکٹر بے داغ ہو کیونکہ اس کشمکش میں یہ مٹھی بھر جماعت اگر جیت سکتی تھی تو اپنے اخلاقِ فاضلہ ہی کے زور سے جیت سکتی تھی۔ اس لیے مسلمانوں کو بلند ترین اخلاقیات کی تعلیم دی گئی اور جو کمزوری بھی ان کی جماعت میں ظاہر ہوئی اس پر سخت گرفت کی گئی۔دعوت و تبلیغ کا پہلو بھی اس سُورہ میں چھُوٹنے نہیں پایا ہے ۔ جاہلیّت کے مقابلہ میں اسلام جس اخلاقی و تمدّنی اصلاح کی طرف دنیا کو بُلا رہا تھا ، اس کی توضیح کرنے کے علاوہ یہُودیوں، عیسائیوں اور مشرکین، تینوں گروہوں کے غلط مذہبی تصوّرات اور غلط اخلاق و اعمال پر اس سُورہ میں تنقید کر کے ان کو دینِ حق کی طرف دعوت دی گئی ہے۔


Subject: Consolidation of the Islamic Community

The main object of this Surah is to teach the Muslims the ways that unite a people and make them firm  and strong. Introductions for the stability of family, which is the nucleus of community have been given.  Then they have been urged to prepare themselves for defense. Side by side with these, they have been  taught the importance of the propagation of Islam. Above all, the importance of the highest moral  character in the scheme of consolidation of the Community has been impressed.

Topics and their Interconnection

  • Just, fair and equitable laws and regulations for the smooth running of family life have been laid down  for the husband and wife. Detailed instructions have been given for the division of inheritance and due  regard has been paid to the rights of orphans Verse No 1 - 35.
  • In order to inculcate the right spirit for the observance of rules and regulations, the Muslims have been  enjoined to show generosity to all around them and to be free from meanness, selfishness, stinginess  of mind, because this is essential for the consolidation of the Communities and helpful for the  propagation of Islam. Verse No 36 - 42
  • The ways of the purification of mind and body for the offering of Salat have been taught because it  plays the most important part in every scheme of moral and social reform. 43
  • After moral preparation, instructions for defense have been given. First of all, the Muslims have been  warned to be on their guard against the cunning machinations and vile practices of the local Jews who  were hostile to the New Movement. This caution was necessary for removing some possible  misunderstanding that might have arisen on account of the pre-Islamic alliance between the people of  Al-Madinah and the Jews. Verse No 44 - 57
  • Then they have been enjoined to place their trusts and offices of trust in the custody of honest and  qualified persons, and to do what is just and right, and to obey ALLAH and His Messenger and those  among themselves entrusted with the conduct of their affairs and to turn to ALLAH and His Messenger  for the settlement of their disputes. As such an attitude and behavior alone can ensure consolidation,  they have been strongly warned that any deviation from this path will lead to their disintegration Verse No 58 - 72.
  • After this pre-requisite, they have been exhorted to make preparation for defense and to fight bravely  for the cause of Islam, without showing any kind of cowardice or weakness. They have also been  warned to be on their guard against hypocrites. A line of demarcation has been drawn to distinguish  the intentional shirkers from the helpless devotees Verse No73 - 100.
  • Here again instructions have been given for the offering of Salat during military campaigns and actual  fighting. This is to impress the importance of Salat even at the time of fear and danger Verse No101 - 103.
  • Before proceeding on to the next topic, the Muslims have been exhorted to persevere in their fight  without showing any kind of weakness. Verse No 104
  • In order to make the Islamic Community firm and strong for defense, the Muslims have been enjoined  to observe the highest standard of justice. The Muslims are required to deal out strict justice even in  case of the enemy, with whom they might be involved in war. They should also settle disputes between  husband and wife with justice. In order to ensure this, they should keep their beliefs and deeds  absolutely free from every kind of impurity and should become the standard bearers of justice Verse No 105 -  135
  • Resuming the theme of defense, the Muslims have been warned to be on their guard against their  enemies. They have been admonished to take necessary precautions against the machinations of the  hypocrites and the unbelievers and the people of the Book. As belief in ALLAH, and Revelation and  Life-after-death is the only safeguard against every kind of enemy, they should sincerely believe in and  follow His Messenger, Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Verse No 136 - 175
  • Though this verse also deals with the family laws contained in Verses 1 - 35, it has been added as a  supplement a t the end of this Surah because it was revealed long after An-Nisa was being recited as a  complete Surah.Verse No 176

Sura With Tafsir and Translation

04:Sura An-Nisa In English
File Size: 1850 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.