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Sura Saba

Introduction

Sura Saba (Arabic: سورة سبأ‎) (Sheba or Saba was the ancient nation of Arabia ) is the 34th sura of the Qur'an in 22th part (Juz) of the Qur'an with 54 ayat.

تعارف

 سورہ سبا (عرب کی قدیم قوم کا نام جو اب ختم ہوگئی ہے) قرآن مجید کی 34 ویں سورت, جو 22 ویں پارے میں ہے۔ اس میں 6 رکوع اور 54 آیات ہیں۔ 

Name

The Surah takes its name from Verse 15 (Arabic:لَقَدْ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ فِي مَسْكَنِهِمْ آيَةٌ ۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٍ وَشِمَالٍ ۖ كُلُوا مِن رِّزْقِ رَبِّكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ ۚ بَلْدَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ) in which the word "Saba" has occurred, which implies that it is the Surah in which mention has been made of Saba (The Sabaeans).

نام

آیت 15 کے فقرے لَقَدْ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ فِي مَسْكَنِهِمْ آيَةٌ سے ماخوذ ہے۔ مراد یہ ہے کہ وہ سورہ جس میں سبا کا ذکر آیا ہے۔

Period of Revelation

The exact period of its revelation is not known from any reliable tradition. However, the style shows that it is either the middle or the early Makkan period. If it is the middle period, it was probably its initial stage when the persecution had not yet become tyrannical and the Islamic movement was being suppressed only by resort to derision and ridicule, rumor mongering, false allegations and casting of evil suggestions in the people's minds.

زمانۂ نزول

اس کے نزول کا ٹھیک زمانہ کسی معتبر روایت سے معلوم نہیں ہوتا۔ البتہ انداز بیان سے محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ یا تو مکہ کا دورِ متوسط ہے یا دور اول۔ اور اگر دورِ متوسط ہے تو غالباً اس کا ابتدائی زمانہ ہے جبکہ ظلم و ستم کی شدت شروع نہ ہوئی تھی اور ابھی صرف تضحیک استہزاء، افواہی جنگ، جھوٹے الزامات اور وسوسہ اندازیوں سے اسلام کی تحریک کو دبانے کی کوشش کی جا رہی تھی۔

Theme and Subject Matter

The Surah deals with those objections of the disbelievers, which they were raising against the Holy Prophet's message of Tauhid and the Hereafter, and about his Prophethood itself, mostly in the form of absurd allegations and taunts and mockery. These objections have been answered, sometimes by citing them and sometimes without citing them, and the discourse itself shows which objection is being answered at a particular place. The answers mostly take the form of instruction and admonition and argument, but at some places the disbelievers have been warned also of the evil consequences, of their stubbornness. In this connection, the stories of the Sabaeans and the Prophets David and Solomon (Peace On Both) have been related to impress this lesson: 
"You have both these historical precedents before you. On the one hand, there were the Prophets David and Solomon (Peace On Both), who had been blessed by ALLAH with great powers and such grandeur and glory as had been granted to hardly any people before them. In spite of this, they were not proud and arrogant, but remained grateful servants of their Lord. They were never rebellious. On the other hand, there were the people of Saba, who, when blessed by ALLAH, became proud, and were consequently so thoroughly destroyed and dispersed as to be remembered only in myths and legends. With these precedents in view, you may see and judge for yourselves as to which bind of the life is better: that which is built on belief in Tauhid and the Hereafter and the attitude of gratefulness to ALLAH, or that which is based on disbelief and shirk and denial of the Hereafter and the worship of the world."

موضوع اور مضمون

اس سورۂ میں کفار کے ان اعتراضات کا جواب دیا گیا ہے جو وہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم کی دعوت ِ توحید و آخرت پر اور خود آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم کی نبوت پر زیادہ تر طنز و تمسخر اور بیہودہ الزامات کی شکل میں پیش کرتے تھے۔ ان اعتراضات کا جواب کہیں تو ان کو نقل کر کے دیا گیا ہے، اور کہیں تقریر سے خود یہ ظاہر ہو جاتا ہے کہ یہ کس اعتراض کا جواب ہے۔ جوابات اکثر و بیشتر تفہیم و تذکیر اور استدلال کے انداز میں ہیں، لیکن کہیں کفار کو ان کی ہٹ دھرمی کے بُرے انجام سے ڈرایا بھی گیا ہے۔ اسی سلسلہ میں حضرت داؤد علیہ سلام و سلیمان علیہ سلام اور قومِ سبا کے قصے اس غرض کے لیے بیان کیے گئے ہیں کہ تمہارے سامنے تاریخ کی یہ دونوں مثالیں موجود ہیں۔ ایک طرف حضرت داؤد اور سلیمان  علیہ سلام ہیں جن کو اللہ تعالیٰ نے بڑی طاقتیں بخشیں اور وہ شوکت و حشمت عطا کی جو پہلے کم ہی کسی کو ملی ہے، مگر یہ سب کچھ پاکر وہ کبر و غرور میں مبتلا نہ ہوئے بلکہ اپنے رب کے خلاف بغاوت کرنے کے بجائے اس کے شکر گذار بندے ہی بنے رہے۔ اور دوسری طرف سبا کی قوم ہے جسے اللہ نے جب اپنی نعمتوں سے نوازا تو وہ پھول گئی اور آخر کار اس طرح پارہ پارہ ہوئی کہ اس کے بس افسانے ہی اب دنیا میں باقی رہ گئے ہیں۔ ان دونوں مثالوں کو سامنے رکھ کر خود رائے قائم کر لو کہ توحید و آخرت کے یقین اور شکر نعمت کے جذبے سے جو زندگی بنتی ہے وہ زیادہ بہتر یا وہ زندگی جو کفر و شرک اور انکارِ آخرت اور دنیا پرستی کی بنیاد پر بنتی ہے۔

Sura With Tafsir and Translation

34:Sura Saba In Urdu
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34:Sura Saba In English
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